BIO 554/754
Ornithology

Bird tails



 
Long: when decidedly longer than the trunk, as in a Black-billed Magpie.
Photo of a Black-billed Magpie
Short: when either approximately the length of, or shorter than, the trunk, as in a Least Sandpiper
Photo of two Least Sandpipers
Square:  the rectrices are all of the same length, as in the
Sharp-shinned Hawk.
Photo of a Sharp-shinned Hawk
Rounded: the rectrices shorten successively from the inside to the outside, in slight gradations, as in a Red-tailed Hawk.
Photo of a soaring Red-tailed Hawk
Graduated: the rectrices shorten successively from the inside to the outside, in abrupt gradations, as in a Yellow-billed Cuckoo (a painting by John James Audubon)
Painting of two Yellow-billed Cuckoos
Pointed, or acute: the middle rectrices are much longer than the others, as in the Ring-necked Pheasant.
Painting of a Ring-necked Pheasant
Emarginate: the rectrices increase in length successively from the middle to the outermost pair, in slight gradations, as in a finch.
Drawings of a male and female Purple Finch
Forked: the rectrices increase in length successively from the middle to the outermost pair, in abrupt gradations, as in a tern.
Photo of a flying Common Tern

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